75.160.20 (Liquid fuels) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7547-12 碳氢化合物唯一无铅航空用汽油的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. 1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline, containing no lead. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification. 1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the time and place of delivery. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Only Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

ASTM D7619-12b 通过自动颗粒计数器在轻质和中间馏出燃料颗粒的粒度测量和计数方法的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of distillate fuels, and liquid bio fuels. It is not applicable to on or in-line applications. 5.2 This test method offers advantage over traditional filtration methods in that it is a precise rapid test, and advantage over visual methods as it is not subjective. 5.3 An increase in particle counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused by storage or transfer for example. 5.4 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons and other moving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information especially if the hardness of particles is also known from other sources. 5.5 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (see A1.1.2). Some specific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands. 5.6 Obtaining a representative sample and following the recommended sample and test specimen preparation procedures and timescales is particularly important with particle counting methods. (See Sections 8, 10, 14.1.4 and Note 8.) 1.1 This test method uses a specific automatic particle counter2 (APC) to count and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particles, in light and middle distillate fuel, and bio fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends, in the overall range from 4 µm(c) to 100 µm(c) and in the size bands ≥4 µm(c), ≥6 µm(c), and ≥14 µm(c). Note 1—ASTM and military specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975 grades 1D and 2D, D1655, D3699, D4814 (see 14.1.1.1), D6751, D7467, distillate grades of D396 and

Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter

ASTM D525-12 汽油氧化稳定性的标准试验方法(诱导期法)

The induction period may be used as an indication of the tendency of motor gasoline to form gum in storage. It should be recognized, however, that its correlation with the formation of gum in storage may vary markedly under different storage conditions and with different gasolines. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stability of gasoline in finished form only, under accelerated oxidation conditions. (WarningThis test method is not intended for determining the stability of gasoline components, particularly those with a high percentage of low boiling unsaturated compounds, as these may cause explosive conditions within the apparatus. However, because of the unknown nature of certain samples, the pressure vessel assembly shall include a safety burst-disc in order to safeguard the operator.) Note 18212;For measurement of oxidation stability of gasoline by measurement of potential gum, refer to Test Method D873, or IP Test Method 138. Note 28212;The precision data were developed with gasolines derived from hydrocarbon sources only without oxygenates. 1.2 The accepted SI unit of pressure is the kilo Pascal (kPa), and of temperature is °C. 1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)

ASTM D6227-12 含非烃类组分无铅航空汽油的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers Grades UL82 and UL87 unleaded aviation gasolines, which are defined by this specification and are only for use in engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers, and certified by the National Certifying Agencies to use these fuels. Components containing hetro-atoms (oxygenates) may be present within the limits specified. 1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by a producer as Grade UL82 or UL87 aviation gasoline only if blended from component(s) approved for use in these grades of aviation gasoline by the refiner(s) of such components, because only the refiner(s) can attest to the component source and processing, absence of contamination, and the additives used and their concentrations. Consequently, reclassifying of any other product to Grade UL82 or Grade UL87 aviation gasoline does not meet this specification. 1.3 Appendix X1 contains an explanation for the rationale of the specification. Appendix X2 details the reasons for the individual specification requirements. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component

ASTM D7060-12 测定剩余重燃料油最大絮凝比和胶溶能力的标准试验方法 (光学检测法)

5.1 Asphaltenes are naturally occurring materials in crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual material. The asphaltenes are usually present in colloidal suspensions, but they may agglomerate and flocculate if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through excess stress or incompatibility. This test method provides compatibility parameters, which can be used to assess stability reserve and compatibility. 5.2 A blend is considered stable when the blend’s peptizing power is higher than the blend’s maximum flocculation ratio;3,4 both of them can be calculated using empirical blend rules. Refineries and terminal owners can prevent the flocculation of asphaltenes due to incompatibility by assessing the compatibility of fuels beforehand.Note 4—See Appendix X1 for an example of prediction of compatibility. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for quantifying the maximum flocculation ratio of the asphaltenes in the oil and the peptizing power of the oil medium, by an automatic instrument using an optical device. 1.2 This test method is applicable to atmospheric or vacuum distillation residues, thermally cracked residue, intermediate and finished residual fuel oils, containing at least 1 mass8201;% asphaltenes. This test method has not been developed for asphalts.Note 1—An optical probe detects the formation of flocculated asphaltenes. The start of flocculation is interpreted when a significant and sustained increase in rate-of-change of signal, as measured by the optical probe, ensures flocculation is in progress. The start of flocculation can be detected unambiguously when the sample contains at least 18201;% mass asphaltenes as measured by Test Method D6560.Note 2—This test method is applicable to products typical of Specification D396—Grades 5L, 5H, and 6, and Specification D2880—Grades 3-GT and 4-GT. 1.3 This test method was evaluated in an interlaboratory study in the nominal range of 32 to 76 for the maximum flocculation ratio and in the nominal range of 36 to 95 for peptizing power.Note 3—The nominal range is determined by (min. sample mean—Reproducibility) to (max. sample mean + Reproducibility). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)

ASTM D4814-12 自动火花点火发动机燃油标准规格

1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. 1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1. 1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements. 1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel.2 However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification. 1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.

Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D7220-12 用单色能量扩散X射线谱仪法测定汽车,供暖和航空燃料燃料中硫含量的标准试验方法

This test method provides measurement of total sulfur in automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuels with a minimum of sample preparation. A typical analysis time is 180 to 360 s per sample. The quality of automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuel can be related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of sulfur concentration is necessary for processing purposes. There are also regulations promulgated in federal, state, and local agencies that restrict the amount of sulfur present in some fuel. If this test method is applied to petroleum materials with matrices significantly different from the calibration materials specified in this test method, the cautions and recommendations in Section 6 should be observed when interpreting the results.1.1 This test method specifies an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method for the determination of total sulfur in automotive, No. 2 heating, and jet fuels with a concentration range of 3 to 942 mg/kg. 1.1.1 The pooled limit of quantitation of this test method as obtained by statistical analysis of inter laboratory test results is 3 mg/kg sulfur. 1.1.2 This test method is applicable to gasoline, oxygen enriched gasoline (RFG), diesel, diesel/biodiesel blends containing up to twenty volume percent biodiesel, kerosene, jet fuel, jet fuel/biodiesel blends containing up to five volume percent biodiesel and No. 2 home heating oil. 1.2 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrix is well matched. Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards or by the presence of other heteroatoms. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 The preferred concentration units are mg/kg sulfur. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM D7170-12a 用定容燃烧室法测定柴油规定射程喷油期间衍生十六烷值 (DCN) 的标准试验方法

5.1 The ID and DCN values determined by this test method can provide a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines. 5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines. 5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood. 5.4 This test may be applied to non-conventional fuels. It is recognized that the performance of non-conventional fuels in full-scale engines is not completely understood. The user is therefore cautioned to investigate the suitability of ignition characteristic measurements for predicting performance in full-scale engines for these types of fuels. 5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 220 mL and a test time of approximately 20 min on a fit-for-use instrument. 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No. 1-D and 2-D regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517-2000 and CAN/CGSB 3.6-2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of blends of fuel oils containing biodiesel material, and diesel fuel oil blending components. 1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed air. An equation converts an ignition delay determination to a derived cetane number (DCN). 1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from a minimum value of 35.0 DCN (ignition delay of 4.89 ms) to a maximum value of 59.6 DCN (ignition delay of 2.87 ms). The average DCN result for each sample in the ILS ranged from 37.29 (average ignition delay of 4.5894 ms) to 56.517 (average ignition delay of 3.0281 ms). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oilsmdash;Fixed Range Injection Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method

ASTM D7757-12 通过单色波长色散X射线荧光分光分度计测量汽油及相关产品中硅的标准试验方法

This test method provides rapid and precise measurement of total silicon in naphthas, gasoline, RFG, ethanol and ethanol-fuel blends, and toluene with minimum sample preparation. Typical analysis time is 5 to 10 min per sample. Excitation by monochromatic X-rays reduces background, simplifies matrix correction, and increases the signal/background ratio compared to polychromatic excitation used in conventional WDXRF techniques. Silicone oil defoamer can be added to coker feedstocks to minimize foaming in the coker. Residual silicon in the coker naphtha can adversely affect downstream catalytic processing of the naphtha. This test method provides a means to determine the silicon content of the naphtha. Silicon contamination of gasoline, denatured ethanol, and their blends has led to fouled vehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygen sensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement and repairs. Finished gasoline and ethanol-fuel blends can come into contact with silicon a number of ways. Waste hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene can be added to gasoline. Such solvents can contain soluble silicon compounds. Silicon-based antifoam agents can be used in ethanol plants, which then pass silicon on to the finished ethanol-fuel blend. This test method can be used to determine if gasoline and ethanol-fuel blends meet specifications with respect to silicon content of the fuel, and for resolution of customer problems. Some silicon compounds covered by this test method are significantly more volatile than the silicon compounds typically used for the preparation of the calibration standards. Volatile compounds (for example, hexamethyldisiloxane with a boiling point of 101°C), which typically have boiling points below 170°C can give higher silicon sensitivities than the standard.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total silicon by monochromatic, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF) spectrometry in naphthas, gasoline, RFG, ethanol and ethanol-fuel blends, and toluene at concentrations of 3 to 100 mg/kg. The precision of this test method was determined by an interlaboratory study using representative samples of the liquids described in 1.1 and 1.2. The pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) was estimated to be 3 mg/kg. Note 18212;Volatile samples such as high-vapor-pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons might not meet the stated precision because of the evaporation of light components during the analysis. Note 28212;Aromatic compounds such as toluene are under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals. However, toluene can be a contributor to silicon contamination in gasoline (see 4.4), thus its inclusion in this test method. 1.2 Gasoline samples containing ethanol and other oxygenates may be analyzed with this test method provided the matrix of the calibration standards is either matched to the sample matrices or the matrix correction described in Annex A1 is applied to the results. The conditions for matrix matching and matrix correction are provided Section 5, Interferences. 1.3 Samples with silicon concentrations above 100 mg/kg can be analyzed after dilution with appropriate solvent. The precision and bias of silicon determinations on diluted samples have not been determined and may not be the same as shown for neat samples (Section 16). 1.4 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrices are well matched, or that the matrix differences are accounted for (see 13.5). Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards or by the presence of other interfering heteroato......

Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM D2068-12a 测定过滤器阻塞倾向的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the cleanliness of middle distillate fuels, and biodiesel and biodiesel blends for specifications and quality control purposes. 5.2 The filter media specified in the three procedures are all suitable for the materials in the Scope. Specifications calling up this test method should state the procedure required. 5.3 A change in filtration performance after storage or pretreatment can be indicative of changes of fuel condition. 5.4 The filterability of fuels varies depending on filter porosity and structure and therefore results from this test method might not correlate with full scale filtration. 5.5 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery filters include fuel degradation products, contaminants (including water) picked up during storage or transfer, effects due to temperature or composition for bio fuels, incompatibility of commingled fuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any of these could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, or both. 5.6 The results of the FBT test can range from 1 with a fuel with very good filterability, to over 100 for a fuel with poor filterability. The selection of a single FBT number to define a pass or fail criteria is not possible as this will be dependent on the fuel type and applications. 1.1 This test method covers three procedures for the determination of the filter blocking tendency (FBT) and filterability of middle distillate fuel oils and liquid fuels such as biodiesel and biodiesel blends. The 3 procedures and associated filter types, are applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.3 to 6.0 mm2/s at 40°C.Note 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are: Specifications D396 Grades No 1 and 2; Specification D975 Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D and 2-D; Specification D2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT; Specification D6751. 1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that contain free (undissolved) water (see 7.3). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Tendency

ASTM D7112-12 用重质燃料油稳定性分析仪 (光学检测) 测定重质燃料油和原油稳定性和相容性的标准试验方法

5.1 Automatic determination of stability parameters using a light back-scattering technique improves accuracy and removes human errors. In manual testing, operators have to visually compare oil stains on pieces of filter paper to determine if asphaltenes have been precipitated. 5.2 Refinery thermal and hydrocracking processes can be run closer to their severity limits if stability parameters can be calculated more accurately. This gives increased yield and profitability. 5.3 Results from the test method could be used to set a standard specification for stability parameters for fuel oils. 5.4 The compatibility parameters of crude oils can be used in crude oil blending in refineries to determine, in advance, which crude oil blends will be compatible and thus can be used to minimize plugging problems, unit shut downs, and maintenance costs. Determination of crude oil compatibility parameters also enables refineries to select crude oil mixtures more economically. 5.5 This test method can measure stability and compatibility parameters, and determine stability reserve on different blends for particular applications to optimize the blending, storage, and use of heavy fuel oilsNote 1—Users of this test method would normally use stability and compatibility parameters to determine stability reserve of residual products, fuel blends and crude oils. However, the interpretation of stability, stability reserve and compatibility is heavily ‘use dependent,’ and is beyond the scope of this test method. 1.1 This test method covers an automated procedure involving titration and optical detection of precipitated asphaltenes for determining the stability and compatibility parameters of refinery residual streams, residual fuel oils, and crude oils. Stability in this context is the ability to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized or dissolved state and not undergo flocculation or precipitation. Similarly, compatibility relates to the property of mixing two or more oils without precipitation or flocculation of asphaltenes. 1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from atmospheric and vacuum distillation, from thermal, catalytic, and hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifications D396, Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880, Grades No. 3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products contain 0.05 mass % or greater concentration of asphaltenes. 1.3 This test method is not relevant to oils that contain less than 0.058201;% asphaltenes, and would be pointless to apply to unstable oils that already contain flocculated asphaltenes. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, ass......

Standard Test Method for Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical Detection)

ASTM D7795-12 用滴定法测定乙醇和乙醇混合物酸度的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method measures acidity in ethanol or ethanol blends quantitatively. Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives such as corrosion inhibitors and detergents as well as contaminants from manufacturing that can affect the acidity of finished ethanol fuel. Very dilute aqueous solutions of low molecular mass organic acids, such as acetic acid, are highly corrosive to many metals. It is important to keep such acids at a very low level. 5.2 Acceptable levels of acidity in Ethanol or Ethanol blends can vary with different specifications but in general it is below 200 mg/kg (ppm). Knowledge of the acidity can be required to establish whether the product quality meets specification. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidity as acetic acid (see Specification D4806) in commonly available grades of denatured ethanol, and ethanol blends with gasoline ranging from E95 to E30. This test method is used for determining low levels of acidity, below 200 mg/kg (ppm mass), with the exclusion of carbon dioxide. 1.1.1 Test Method A—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by potentiometric titration. This is the referee method. 1.1.2 Test Method B—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by color end point titration. 1.2 The ethanol and ethanol blends may be analyzed directly by this test method without any sample preparation. 1.3 Review the current and appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protective equipments. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.

Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration

ASTM D7591-12 用阴离子交换色谱法测定生物柴油混合液中游离甘油和总甘油的标准试验方法

Petroleum-based diesel may be blended with biodiesel. High levels of free glycerin in biodiesel can cause injector deposits (“gel effect”), as well as clogging fuel systems. High levels of unreacted glycerides can cause injector deposits and can adversely affect cold weather operation and filter plugging.1.1 This test method covers and describes an anion exchange chromatography procedure for determining free and total glycerin content of biodiesel (B100) and blends (B0 to B20) with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D and Specification D6751 (for B100 feedstocks). It is intended for the analysis of biodiesel and blend samples containing between 0.5 to 50 mg/kg glycerin. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerin in Biodiesel Blends by Anion Exchange Chromatography

ASTM D396-12 燃料油标准规格

1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows: 1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel. 1.1.2 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range. 1.1.3 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. Note 18212;For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1. Note 28212;A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3. 1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs. 1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Note 38212;The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.

Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

ASTM D4306-12c 受痕量杂质影响的试验用航空燃料采样容器的标准实施规程

3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petroleum products are given in Practice D4057. However, a number of aviation fuel properties are established or affected by trace levels of polar or other compounds. Measurement significance therefore requires that the sample containers not add or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types and preparations of sampling containers found satisfactory for the determination of water separation, copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, lubricity, and trace metal content. An approval procedure for new containers is also given. 3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free water content, involve materials easily removed by any sampling container. These properties should be determined by placing the sample directly into the measuring apparatus and not using containers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment. 3.3 Recommendations in this practice provide guidance for immediate use and for storage of samples. Immediate use involves sample storage for periods less than 24 h. 1.1 This practice2 covers the types of and preparation of containers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuel samples for the determination of critical properties affected by trace contamination. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6.

Standard Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination

ASTM D7668-12a 用定容燃烧室法测定柴油点火延迟和燃烧延迟衍生十六烷值 (DCN) 的标准试验方法

5.1 The ID and CD values and the DCN value determined by this test method provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil used in compression ignition engines. 5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines. 5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood. 5.4 This test can be applied to non-conventional diesel fuels. 5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 370 mL and a test time of approximately 30 min using a fit-for-use instrument. 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No.1-D and 2-D regular, low and ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and CAN/CGSB3.6. The test method may be applied to the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of blends of fuel oils containing biodiesel material (for example, Specification D975, biodiesel, and diesel fuel oil blending components. 1.2 This test method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed synthetic air. A dynamic pressure wave is produced from the combustion of the sample. An equation converts the ignition delay and the combustion delay determined from the dynamic pressure curve to a derived cetane number (DCN). 1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay ranging from 2.8 to 6.5 ms and combustion delay ranging from 5.5 to 120 ms (30.0 to 65.0 DCN). However, the precision stated only covers the range of DCN from 35 to 60. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oilsmdash;Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method

ASTM D7844-12 利用傅立叶变换红外线 (FT-IR) 光谱测定法通过趋势分析监测使用中的润滑油中煤灰的标准试验方法

5.1 An increase in soot material can lead to increased wear, filter plugging and viscosity, which is usually a consideration for diesel engines, although it may also be an indicator of carburetor or injector problems in other fuel systems. Monitoring of soot is therefore an important parameter in determining overall machinery health and should be considered in conjunction with data from other tests such as atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy for wear metal analysis (Test Method D5185), physical property tests (Test Methods D445, D6304 and D2896), and other FT-IR oil analysis methods for oxidation (Test Method D7414), sulfate by-products (Test Method D7415), nitration (Test Method D7624), additive depletion (Test Method D7412), and breakdown products and external contaminants (Practice E2412), which also assess elements of the oil’s condition (1-6). 1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of engine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of in-service fuels. 1.2 This test method uses FT-IR spectroscopy for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation or a blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of soot in in-service lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of soot in the oil. 1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring soot in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in Standard Practice D7418. In this test method, measurement and data interpretation parameters for soot using both direct trend analysis and differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis are presented. 1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral changes associated with soot in in-servi......

Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

ASTM D7566-12a 含有合成烃类的航空涡轮机燃料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of aviation turbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blending components. 1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batch origination, as follows: 1.2.1 Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified, and released to all the requirements of Table 1 of this specification (D7566), meets the requirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded as Specification D1655 turbine fuel. Duplicate testing is not necessary; the same data may be used for both D7566 and D1655 compliance. Once the fuel is released to this specification (D7566) the unique requirements of this specification are no longer applicable: any recertification shall be done in accordance with Table8201;1 of Specification D1655.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing Synthesized HydrocarbonsA   Part 1—Basic Requirements Property   Jet A or Jet A-1 Test MethodB COMPOSITION       Acidity, total mg KOH/g Max 0.10

Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons

ASTM D1322-12e1 煤油和航空涡轮机燃料烟点的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides an indication of the relative smoke producing properties of kerosines and aviation turbine fuels in a diffusion flame. The smoke point is related to the hydrocarbon type composition of such fuels. Generally the more aromatic the fuel the smokier the flame. A high smoke point indicates a fuel of low smoke producing tendency. 5.2 The smoke point is quantitatively related to the potential radiant heat transfer from the combustion products of the fuel. Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influence on the metal temperature of combustor liners and other hot section parts of gas turbines, the smoke point provides a basis for correlation of fuel characteristics with the life of these components. 1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determination of the smoke point of kerosine and aviation turbine fuel, a manual procedure and an automated procedure, which give results with different precision. 1.2 An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2012 (see ASTM RR:D02-1747 for supporting data) involving 11 manual laboratories and 13 automated laboratories, with 15 samples tested in blind duplicate. The automated procedure demonstrated objective rating and superior control and should be considered the preferred approach. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine Fuel

ASTM D3348-12 无铅汽油中痕量铅的快速现场试验用标准试验方法(比色法)

4.1 This test is used to determine trace quantities of lead in unleaded gasoline. Unwarranted amounts of lead may cause deposits in automotive pollution control equipment and poisoning of catalytic mufflers. 1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use in the field by nontechnical people for the quantitative measurement of lead in unleaded gasoline in the range from 0.01 to 0.10 g Pb/U.S. gal (2.64 to 26.4 mg Pb/L). This method applies to all commercial gasolines and responds to all types of lead alkyls as well as to other organic and inorganic forms of lead. Note 1—This test method is based on the use of the Mobil Lead Test Kit (Fig. 1). FIG. 1 Mobil Lead Test KitNote 2—This test method is a screening test and is not to be used as a replacement for withdrawn Test Method D3116, withdrawn Test Method D3229, Test Method D3237, Test Method D3341, or Test Method D5059. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Rapid Field Test for Trace Lead in Unleaded Gasoline (Colorimetric Method)